“Espíritu de cuerpo” y el papel del ejército permanente en el surgimiento del Estado-nación, 1821-1860
Resumen
“Esprit de Corps” and the Role of the Standing Army in the Birth of the Nation State, 1821-1860
In the 19th century, in the process of consolidation of the national States, the army provides a model to impose obedience in name of the nation and of the people, and to reorient collective identity around the threats posed by the “other”. The process of monopolization of violence marks the consolidation of the State as the way to harmonize social conflicts and to consolidate values expressed hypothetically by the army: obedience, discipline and especially “esprit de corps” are understood as the values which adapt the individual to the social body. The nation, represented as a superhuman person and the object of worship, imposed the principle of unanimity on social plurality based solely upon one egalitarian and disciplined body. Thus, the Mexican army played a decisive role in the 19th century as an element of integration in the construc- tion of an identity which went beyond regional origins, ethnic differences and class, among other things, because it introduced the idea of nation and of the military man as one of its citizens.
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Reserva de Derechos al Uso Exclusivo 04-2014-080713125200-203
ISSN 1665-8973
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